Administration Guide
186 VMware, Inc.
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Administration Guide
1
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2 VMware, Inc
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4 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 5
5
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6 VMware, Inc
6
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VMware, Inc. 7
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8 VMware, Inc
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Administering!ESX!Server 187
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10 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 11
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Contents
11
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Storage!and!File!Systems 245
12
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VMware, Inc. 13
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14 VMware, Inc
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11 Networking 311
15
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16 VMware, Inc
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Index 375
17
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18 VMware, Inc
18
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VMware, Inc. 19
19
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About This Book
20
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Intended Audience
20
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Document Feedback
20
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Conventions and Abbreviations
20
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Self-Service Support
21
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Online and Telephone Support
22
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Support Offerings
22
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VMware Education Services
22
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Reporting Problems
22
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VMware, Inc. 23
23
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24 VMware, Inc
24
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Introduction to VMware ESX
25
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Virtualization
26
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CPU Virtualization
27
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Memory Virtualization
27
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Disk Virtualization
27
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Network Virtualization
27
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Virtualization at a Glance
28
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Software Compatibility
29
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Service Console
30
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Using VMware ESX Server
31
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32 VMware, Inc
32
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VMware, Inc. 33
33
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34 VMware, Inc
34
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Working With ESX Server
35
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36 VMware, Inc
36
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VMware, Inc. 37
37
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Table 1-5. Troubleshooting
38
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Creating and Configuring
39
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Virtual Machines
39
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40 VMware, Inc
40
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VMware, Inc. 41
41
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42 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 43
43
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44 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 45
45
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46 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 47
47
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48 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 49
49
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50 VMware, Inc
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52 VMware, Inc
52
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VMware, Inc. 53
53
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54 VMware, Inc
54
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VMware, Inc. 55
55
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56 VMware, Inc
56
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Operating System
57
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VMware, Inc. 59
59
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Processor
60
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Linux Guest Operating Systems
61
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ESX Server 1.5.2
62
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64 VMware, Inc
64
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261/255/63
65
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Win2KSv1.dat
66
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VMware, Inc. 67
67
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Exporting Virtual Machines
68
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VMware, Inc. 69
69
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70 VMware, Inc
70
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State Changes
71
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Issues to Consider
72
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Configuring Virtual Machines
73
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SleepWhenIdle
74
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Modifying the SMBIOS UUID
75
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76 VMware, Inc
76
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VMware, Inc. 77
77
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Virtual Machine
78
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Using the VMware
79
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80 VMware, Inc
80
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VMware, Inc. 83
83
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Using the Status Monitor
84
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VMware, Inc. 85
85
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86 VMware, Inc
86
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VMware, Inc. 87
87
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88 VMware, Inc
88
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VMware, Inc. 89
89
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Enabling Repeatable Resume
90
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VMware, Inc. 91
91
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92 VMware, Inc
92
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VMware, Inc. 93
93
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Configuring a Virtual Machine
94
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VMware, Inc. 95
95
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96 VMware, Inc
96
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Understanding Resource Values
97
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Modifying CPU Values
97
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Modifying Memory Values
99
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Modifying Disk Values
100
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Enabling Traffic Shaping
101
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102 VMware, Inc
102
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VMware, Inc. 103
103
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104 VMware, Inc
104
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VMware, Inc. 105
105
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106 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 107
107
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108 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 109
109
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110 VMware, Inc
110
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VMware, Inc. 111
111
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112 VMware, Inc
112
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The!Add!Device!wizard!starts
113
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2Click!Hard!Disk.!
113
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114 VMware, Inc
114
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VMware, Inc. 115
115
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116 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 117
117
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118 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 119
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120 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 121
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122 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 123
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124 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 125
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126 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 127
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128 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 129
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130 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 131
131
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132 VMware, Inc
132
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VMware, Inc. 133
133
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134 VMware, Inc
134
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Using Disk Modes
135
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Management Interface
136
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Managing ESX Server Resources
137
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Configuring VMware ESX Server
137
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Interface
138
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VMware, Inc. 139
139
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140 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 141
141
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142 VMware, Inc
142
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VMware, Inc. 143
143
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144 VMware, Inc
144
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Creating a Flagship User
145
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Registering a Virtual Machine
146
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VMware, Inc. 147
147
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148 VMware, Inc
148
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VMware, Inc. 149
149
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150 VMware, Inc
150
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Backing Up Virtual Machines
151
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152 VMware, Inc
152
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Downtime
153
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154 VMware, Inc
154
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Using the VMware Service
155
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Console
155
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Managing the Service Console
156
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Identifying Network Cards
157
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Manipulating Files
158
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VMware, Inc. 171
159
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Finding and Viewing Files
160
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VMware, Inc. 173
161
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174 VMware, Inc
162
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VMware, Inc. 175
163
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176 VMware, Inc
164
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Switching User Names
165
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The proc File System
165
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178 VMware, Inc
166
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VMware, Inc. 179
167
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Authenticating Users
168
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VMware, Inc. 181
169
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Default Permissions
170
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High Security
171
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Medium Security
171
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Low Security
171
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Using Devices With ESX Server
172
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VMware Remote Console
173
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186 VMware, Inc
174
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Administering ESX Server
175
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Startup Profile
176
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Network Connections
176
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VMware, Inc. 189
177
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Creating Port Groups
178
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Configuring Physical Adapters
179
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Users and Groups
180
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VMware, Inc. 193
181
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Security Settings
182
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VMware, Inc. 195
183
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SNMP Configuration
184
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Licensing and Serial Numbers
184
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Storage Management
184
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Creating a Disk Partition
185
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198 VMware, Inc
186
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Editing a Disk Partition
187
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200 VMware, Inc
188
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Removing a Disk Partition
189
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Configuring Failover Policies
190
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Configuring Failover Paths
191
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Configuring a Swap File
191
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Adapter Bindings
192
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Advanced Settings
193
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Service Console Settings
194
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VMware, Inc. 207
195
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208 VMware, Inc
196
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VMware, Inc. 209
197
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Viewing VMkernel Warnings
198
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Viewing VMkernel Messages
199
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Viewing Service Console Logs
200
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VMware, Inc. 213
201
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How Memory Is Utilized
202
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VMware, Inc. 215
203
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216 VMware, Inc
204
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System Configuration Settings
205
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218 VMware, Inc
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VMware, Inc. 219
207
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220 VMware, Inc
208
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VMware, Inc. 221
209
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222 VMware, Inc
210
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Using SNMP with ESX
211
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224 VMware, Inc
212
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SNMP Traps
213
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226 VMware, Inc
214
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228 VMware, Inc
216
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/snmpd start
217
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Configuring SNMP
218
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Configuring SNMP Security
219
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232 VMware, Inc
220
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VMware, Inc. 233
221
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234 VMware, Inc
222
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VMware, Inc. 235
223
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236 VMware, Inc
224
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VMware, Inc. 237
225
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238 VMware, Inc
226
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Using VMkernel Device
227
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VMkernel Module Loader
228
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Parameters
229
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Examples
229
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Preparing to Load Modules
230
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Loading Modules
230
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VMware, Inc. 243
231
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# MANUAL-CONFIG
232
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Storage and File Systems
233
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246 VMware, Inc
234
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VMFS Volumes
235
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Labelling VMFS Volumes
235
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VMFS Accessibility
236
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Using vmkfstools
237
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Basic vmkfstools Options
238
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-b --blocksize #[gGmMkK]
239
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252 VMware, Inc
240
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Advanced vmkfstools Options
241
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254 VMware, Inc
242
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VMware, Inc. 255
243
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Recovers a VMFS
244
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VMware, Inc. 257
245
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Activate a Swap File
246
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Deactivate a Swap File
246
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Examples Using vmkfstools
247
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Names a VMFS volume
248
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Accessing Raw SCSI Disks
249
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262 VMware, Inc
250
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Determining SCSI Target IDs
251
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Sharing the SCSI Bus
252
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Setting Bus Sharing Options
253
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Understanding Storage Arrays
254
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Scanning for Devices and LUNs
255
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OTE LUN!0!cannot!be!masked.!
256
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Using IBM FAStT Disk Arrays
257
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Using Persistent Bindings
258
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VMware, Inc. 271
259
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272 VMware, Inc
260
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VMware, Inc. 273
261
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274 VMware, Inc
262
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VMware, Inc. 275
263
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Specifying Paths
264
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In Case of Failover
265
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278 VMware, Inc
266
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Configuration for Clustering
267
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Clustering Virtual Machines
268
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Clustering Scenarios
269
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282 VMware, Inc
270
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VMware, Inc. 283
271
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ESX Server Machine
272
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VMware, Inc. 285
273
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286 VMware, Inc
274
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Cloning the Virtual Machine
275
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288 VMware, Inc
276
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Network Device Configuration
277
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290 VMware, Inc
278
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VMware, Inc. 291
279
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Server Machines
280
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VMware, Inc. 293
281
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VMware, Inc. 295
283
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296 VMware, Inc
284
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Software!with!ESX!Server
285
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VMFS File System Locking
288
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Locking at SCSI Disk Level
289
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Network Load Balancing
290
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VMware, Inc. 303
291
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VMware, Inc. 305
293
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306 VMware, Inc
294
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VMware, Inc. 307
295
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308 VMware, Inc
296
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VMware, Inc. 309
297
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310 VMware, Inc
298
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Networking
299
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312 VMware, Inc
300
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Using MAC Addresses
301
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Options
302
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316 VMware, Inc
304
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Devices
305
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318 VMware, Inc
306
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Machines
307
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Using Virtual Switches
308
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! VLAN!tag!handling
309
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! Checksum!calculations
309
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! TCP!Segmentation!Offloading
309
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Creating a Virtual Switch
310
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VMware, Inc. 323
311
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Chapter 11 Networking
311
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Using Beacon Monitoring
312
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VMware, Inc. 325
313
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Troubleshooting
314
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VMware ESX Server
315
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Resource Management
315
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328 VMware, Inc
316
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Improving Performance
317
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330 VMware, Inc
318
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CPU Resource Management
319
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Admission Control Policy
320
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VMware, Inc. 333
321
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334 VMware, Inc
322
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Using Hyper-Threading
323
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336 VMware, Inc
324
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VMware, Inc. 337
325
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338 VMware, Inc
326
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Using procfs
327
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340 VMware, Inc
328
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VMware, Inc. 341
329
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Monitoring CPU Statistics
330
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344 VMware, Inc
332
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Memory Resource Management
333
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Allocating Memory Resources
334
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Allocating Memory Dynamically
336
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VMware, Inc. 349
337
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350 VMware, Inc
338
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VMware, Inc. 351
339
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352 VMware, Inc
340
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Service Console Commands
341
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354 VMware, Inc
342
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VMware, Inc. 355
343
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Monitoring Memory Statistics
344
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VMware, Inc. 357
345
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Using Your NUMA System
346
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Obtaining NUMA Statistics
347
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Automatic NUMA Optimizations
348
-
Manual NUMA Optimizations
349
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362 VMware, Inc
350
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Sizing Memory on the Server
351
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Server Memory
352
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Service Console Memory
352
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Virtual Machine Memory Pool
352
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Virtual Machine Memory
352
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Memory Sharing
353
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Memory Overcommitment
354
-
Managing Network Bandwidth
355
-
368 VMware, Inc
356
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Managing Disk Bandwidth
359
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Configuration File Options
360
-
Configuration File Examples
361
-
374 VMware, Inc
362
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VMware, Inc. 375
363
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376 VMware, Inc
364
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VMware, Inc. 377
365
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378 VMware, Inc
366
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VMware, Inc. 379
367
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380 VMware, Inc
368
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VMware, Inc. 381
369
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382 VMware, Inc
370
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VMware, Inc. 383
371
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384 VMware, Inc
372
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Using the VMware Remote
373
-
Starting the Remote Console
374
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VMware, Inc. 157
375
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158 VMware, Inc
376
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VMware Tools Settings
377
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160 VMware, Inc
378
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VMware, Inc. 161
379
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162 VMware, Inc
380
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VMware, Inc. 163
381
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164 VMware, Inc
382
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VMware, Inc. 165
383
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166 VMware, Inc
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